Description: Unknown, as it was one of several spells that were used to help strengthen Harry's camp-site, and had no seen effects. Possibly deflects minor hexes aimed at an object (the tent)
Etymology: Possibly derived from the Latin "salveo," meaning "to be in good health," and used as a form of greeting and farewell, and a pseudo-Latin derivative of the English word "hex"—hence, "Farewell, hexes!"
Seen/Mentioned: Harry and Hermione cast this spell to strengthen their camp-site's defences against intruders in 1997.
Notes: Possibly the Hex Deflection spells the fake Moody mentioned in 1994.
Etymology: Perhaps related to English scour, "clean". -ify is a common English suffix meaning "to make ...". Therefore scourgify could mean "to make clean".
Description: A dark spell that creates large, blood-oozing gashes on the subject as if said subject had been "slashed by a sword". Invented by Severus Snape.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry in 1997 against Draco Malfoy, and then later against both the Inferi in Lord Voldemort's Horcrux chamber, and Snape used it against George Weasley (was unintentional; aimed for a Death Eater that tried to curse Lupin) in the Order's flight from Privet Drive. Harry learned it in Snape's old Potions textbook. In 1998, the spell is said to be Severus Snape's "signature" spell.
Etymology: Latin sectum, "cut", and semper, "always".
Notes: The spell can apparently be used against any object, but was not effective when used against Inferi because they could not bleed. The movement of the wand seems to affect how someone is cut, suggested by the erratic patterns of slashes left on Draco Malfoy's face and chest, produced by Harry Potter's wild wand-swings while using the spell against Draco. Wounds caused by this spell can be healed as proved by Severus Snape who after Harry hit Draco Malfoy with this spell he healed Draco's wounds and told him to go and get treated with dittany at once so that he would even avoid any sign of any wound. However it seems that it depends on the caster's magical abilities because Molly Weasley could not heal and restore George Weasley's ear that was cursed off by this spell.
Seen/Mentioned: First used by Hermione in 1996 to silence a frog and a raven in Charms class, then later used to silence a Death Eater that was trying to tell his comrades where they were.
Etymology: Probably Latin silentium, "silence". Also, silencio and silêncio (which is closer to the English pronunciation) mean "silence" in Spanish and Portuguese, respectively.
Description: Cleans up ectoplasm, the slime-like residue left by certain ghosts. The spell manifests as a blast of greenish suds.
Seen/Mentioned: The Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets video game. Harry finds it in a spell book in the Restricted Section of the Hogwarts Library(possibly misfiled) and uses it to clear doorways and treasure chests that have been slimed-over by malevolent ghosts.
Description: A jet of green light strikes the victim, who then vomits slugs for ten minutes. The sizes of the vomited slugs decrease with time.
Seen/Mentioned: In Chamber of Secrets, Ron attempts to use it on Draco; the spell backfired and hit him instead. It is also a spell that can be bought in Lego Harry Potter: Years 1-4.
Description: Apparently causes an object to show its hidden secrets or magical properties.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger to find out more of Harry's Advanced Potion-Making book in1996. Used by Ernie Macmillan to find out ingredients of a potion. Its precise effects are unknown, as there are no recorded occasions of the spell being successful.
Etymology: Latin specialis, "particular;individual" and revelare (present tense revelo), "unveil".
Notes: In 1994, Severus Snape cast a similar spell, but with different words ("Reveal your secrets!"), on theMarauder's Map, though he may have just been saying those words as he cast the spell non-verbally. The spell may also be able to distinguish different ingredients in a potion, though this is noted to merely sound impressive.
Description: Stuns victim. If used too forcefully, it will put the victim in an unconscious state.
Seen/Mentioned: Often; particularly by a number of wizards and witches (including Dolores Umbridge) against Minerva McGonagall in 1996. It's also taught by Harry in his D.A. meetings.
Etymology: English stupefy, which means 'to put into a stupor', a temporary vegetative state.
Notes: The physical manifestation of the spell is a beam of red light emanating from the caster's wand. The spell wears off after a short time, and can be countered by Rennervate. Nearly useless on magic-resistant creatures such as dragons, trolls and giants unless more than one Stupefy spell is used at the same time. The force of the spell is additive or perhaps even exponential, and it can cause severe injury if many spells are used on a target that is not normally resistant to its effects. Hagrid, as a half-giant, is impervious to this spell - or at least, a lone one.
Description: Presumably causes the caster to have enhanced senses, or to be able to sense things they would not normally sense.
Seen/Mentioned: Mentioned by Ron outside of the Hogwarts Express in 2017 as a potential substitute for using mirrors while driving a Muggle auto mobile.
Description: Causes two objects to be switched for one another
Seen/Mentioned: Harry contemplated using this spell against his dragon in the first task of the Triwizard Tournament. ((He considered swapping its fangs for wine gums)). Neville Longbottom misuses the spell, transplanting his ears onto a cactus.
Description: A jinx which may be placed upon a word or a name, so that whenever that word is spoken, a magical disturbance is created which alerts the caster of the Taboo to the location of the speaker. Any protective enchantments in effect around the speaker are broken when the Tabooed word is spoken aloud.
Seen/Mentioned: In Deathly Hallows, this spell is placed on the word "Voldemort"; Harry, Ron and Hermione are tracked this way to Tottenham Court Road. Ron tells the other two to stop using the word as he began to fear the name might be a jinx, later discovering it to be a Taboo. Later in the book, Harry accidentally says Voldemort's name again, resulting in the trio being caught by Death Eaters and taken to Malfoy Manor.
Notes: A possible incantation could be "vomica vox" meaning "cursed word" presumably followed by the word.
Description: Makes victim's legs dance uncontrollably (recalling the tarantella dance).
Seen/Mentioned: First used by Draco Malfoy on Harry in the Duelling Club in 1992.
Etymology: Italian tarantella, a kind of fast country dance once popular in parts of Italy, supposedly from the frantic motion caused by the bite of a tarantula; and allegro, a musical term meaning "quick".
Description: A spell used to siphon matter from a surface, eg. blood, ink, dust, etc.
Seen/Mentioned:Hermione Granger used the spell in 1996 to remove blood from Harry's face. It is later used to remove spilled ink from parchment. It was also used in 1997 to clean off a handkerchief by Ron and to dust off a picture of Gellert Grindelwald in Bathilda Bagshot's house by Harry Potter.
Description: Causes the toenails to grow at an extreme and uncontrollable rate.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1996, Harry uses this to much applause from classmates.
Notes: This is a hex that is probably not approved by the Ministry of Magic, as it was invented by Severus Snape. And it is unknown whether "Toenail Growth Hex" is its real name, as its title was never mentioned.
Description: A curse which prevents certain information from being revealed by the individual upon whom the spell is placed. The curse manifests itself by causing the tongue to temporarily curl backwards upon itself.
Seen/Mentioned: Seen in 1997 as a deterrent to Severus Snape, or any other unwanted visitor of 12 Grimmauld Place, from betraying their location to anyone else.
Description: Unknown effect upon victim; most likely extreme torture that can lead to death. Given the source, the Torture may not actually exist.
Seen/Mentioned:Gilderoy Lockhart suggested that it was this curse that "killed" Mrs. Norris after she was really found petrified on a torch bracket.
Etymology: English "transmogrify", meaning "to change or alter greatly, often to grotesque effect", possibly implying that the curse changes the shape of the victim to cause pain.
Description: Causes a vow taken by a witch or wizard to be inviolable; if they should break it, the consequence is death.
Seen/Mentioned:Snape takes an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa Malfoy at the beginning of Half-Blood Prince, vowing to help Narcissa's son Draco with a task given to him by Voldemort, and to finish the task should Draco prove incapable. Fred and George attempted to force an Unbreakable Vow upon Ron as children. According to Ron, it causes death when the vow is broken.
Description: Causes a container's capacity to be increased, without changing the object's appearance on the outside.
Seen/Mentioned: This spell is most likely the one Arthur Weasley used to allow eight people, six large trunks, two owls, and a rat to fit comfortably inside his modified Ford Anglia in 1992. Probably used on the tent in which the Weasleys, Harry and Hermione stay during the Quidditch World Cup in 1994; the tent is also used by Harry, Ron and Hermione as shelter in 1997. Also, Hermione cast this spell upon her handbag in the same year.
Etymology: Ventus is a Latin word, meaning "wind".
Notes: Not said aloud in the books or in the films, but quite possibly the Hot-Air Charm Hermione and Dumbledore use in the books to produce a stream of warm air from the tip of their wands to dry off.
Description: Counter Spell for Serpensortia. Seems not to merely "Vanish", but causes the snake to smoulder from head and tail until it is reduced to a pile of ashes.
Description: Appears to launch small objects through the air.
Seen/Mentioned: Used only once in the series, by Remus Lupin in 1993 to expel a wad of chewing gum from the key hole Peeves put it in, launching it up Peeves's nose.
Etymology: Latin vado, "go", and possibly vasa, "implements, vessels"; but this part is obscure. (The letter "V" in Latin is also written "U", and pronounced as the English "W".) It could also come from Swedish vadd, which means "soft mass" (in this case it was gum), and French vas y, "go there", as Lupin did not just make the gum fly out of the key hole, but he directed it up Peeves's nose. The word could also just be based on the English wad, as in "a wad of gum".
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1991, when Professor Flitwick's first-year class practised the spell. Later in the same year, Ron Weasley performed the spell on the club of a mountain troll. In 1992, Dobby uses this although Harry is accused of it. The spell was also used in 1997 by Harry to levitate the side-car of Sirius's flying motorbike. Ron also used as the charm to make a twig fly into a knot on the Whomping Willow in 1998. The motion to perform it is described as a "swish and flick"
Etymology: "Wingardium" certainly contains English wing meaning "fly"[14], and Latin arduus, meaning "high" [2]. "Leviosa" most probably originates in Latin levis, meaning "light".
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